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Arguments offered by the so-called "anti-war" movement in the United States were predominantly derived from Communist propaganda. Most of them have been discredited by subsequent information, but they still influence the debate. They include the nonfactual claims that:
1) the war in South Vietnam was an indigenous civil war,
2) the U.S. effort in South Vietnam was a form of neo-colonialism, and
3) the real U.S. objective in South Vietnam was the economic exploitation of the region.
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Never watched or read anything of Ken Burns, I'll give his show a chance in September and write a little review on it here when it's released. These all are just my condensed opinions and knowledge of Vietnam and where we are today.
I relate points 2 & 3 with the French and NOT the U.S.. Not pertaining to the United States involvement, but to the French immediatly after World War II. With the Atlantic Charter in place, many European allies still sought to reclaim their old territories in order to rebuild themselves. Truman was now in a conundrum, would he stand up to the French going against the Atlantic Charter or throw former OSS American ally Ho-Chi Minh under the bus?
And here we see a foreign policy blow back. Truman gave the French the green light due to the rise of communism influence their weak government was experiencing. Europe was clearly more important than South Asia. So after already fighting Japense imperialism with the U.S., now the Vietnamese must fight off the French. The Vietnamese leaned towards communism due to nationalistic concerns and not as a hatred against the West or Captialism.
Entering Esinhower, he did his best to avoid a war with Vietnam. He actually refused to aid the French with air power they requested at Dien-Bien Phu, thus leading to French defeat in 1954. Now the Geneva Accords was signed splitting Vietnam into two. Knowing a major conventional war in the jungle was unwinnable, Eisonhower starts sending advisors (SF), and props up the Catholic anti-commie leader Diem for the South. Diem eventually gets over thrown in the South, due to his attacks and tortures against Buddhists.
With Kennedy, LBJ, and democrats concerned of being labeled to soft on communists.The failures of the Bay of Pigs, Operation Mongooese, and Ortsac stained the Kennedy administration and McNamara now saw Vietnam as a proving ground. The Gulf of Tonking incident happens (a false flag) giving LBJ the ability to launch his full scale war. Knowing how unpopular the war was, Nixon enters and promises to end it and decrease the presence of US troops. Rather he lied to the American people, invading and bombing two additonal countries.
I understand the the issue of never invading North Vietnam, however the Korean War became a lesson for policy makers after the Chinese cut off U.S. forces while crossing into North Korea. This was applied and probable during Vietnam, by now China also has nuclear weapons. WWIII could have been birthed from that bitch of a war Vietnam. Would the risk/reward had paid off if the U.S. ever invaded the North? We may never know.
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But then Congress undermined the agreement by cutting the replacement material promised to our ally and codified in the agreement. That same Congress further nullified the accords by forbidding the use of any U.S. air power to punish egregious North Vietnamese violations of the agreements. Those members of Congress should have known what the result of their actions would be but never acknowledged it. Thus, the North Vietnamese leader boasted then that "the Americans will not come back now even if we offer them candy." With massive support from Moscow and two years of very detailed preparations, the fate of South Vietnam was sealed.
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With all the never ending time and money spent, Congress eventually had to draw the line. What Vientam taught us from a foreign policy perspective, is how much power the president had to keep waging a never ending war. Thus the War Powers Act in 1973 gets implemented, where the President must notify Congress and have a vote before commiting to military intervention. Now we are experiencing the very same issues and debates with the Global War on Terror that have no end in sight. Eisenhower was right with the military industrial complex, it is very real and will eventually bring down the United States if not acknowledged or confronted by by our public and politicians. All just my 2 cents.