I was a bit shocked at how fast/effective hawala can be.
"Manually"(using trusted networks and mobile phones) transferring it from A to B.
Two examples got me:
1)A couple of local national folks working with us got caught in a pass during a snowstorm.
Pashtunwali only went so far as the locals they were holed up with were dirt poor.
Local fixers got some old dude nearby in the hawala network on a donkey to deliver some Affs.
2)When discussing with some local money changers, they said it's no different internationally and provided several examples of money(I assume just debit/credit) being transferred back and forth from Afghan to Australia(locals from that province had moved to Aussie previously).
What I never had the chance to learn about was how they reconciled credit/debit imbalances in their trusted hawala networks.
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Here in NZ, about 2 years ago money transfer between NZ and Somalia(we unfortunately have a small and problematic Somali refugee community) was disrupted.
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