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As I recall from the e-mail to which 72_Wilderness refers, the first and last letter of the word should be the same, and you shouldn't change the order of the consonants. But English orthography has a lot of quirks, so there are practically as many variations to the rules for misspelling as there are to those for spelling.
Remember that languages like Arabic and Hebrew do not indicate short vowels in their written forms, so it's clear the brain can be wired to recognize patterns. Arabic especially relies on patterns and context to tell you what the missing sounds are. And not just vowels - Arabic orthography also does not show doubled consonants. For example, kitaab ("book") and kuttaab ("elementary school") are both written the same way.
By the way, this pattern recognition helps you understand English but makes it harder to learn another language. When someone is speaking to you you routinely miss some percentage of the words he is saying - mainly unstressed syllables and words like - because of background noise and other distractions. When you are learning a language, you are often trying to hear every word and translate them in your head. You miss a word or two, and your train of though gets sidetracked and you miss the next 5-6.
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