For those interested - some additional reading on Russian foreign policy operations fusing hard and soft power.
Getting Gasimarov Right
https://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/Militar...228_art009.pdf
The Primakov (Not Gerasimov) Doctrine in Action
EUGENE RUMER
JUNE 05, 2019
PAPER
“Hybrid warfare has been associated with Russian Chief of the General Staff General Valery Gerasimov, the author of the so-called Gerasimov doctrine—a whole-of-government concept that fuses hard and soft power across many domains and transcends boundaries between peace and wartime. Rather than a driver of Russian foreign policy, the Gerasimov doctrine is an effort to develop an operational concept for Russia’s confrontation with the West in support of the actual doctrine that has guided Russian policy for over two decades: the Primakov doctrine.”
© 2019 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.
https://carnegieendowment.org/files/...ine_final1.pdf