The sap comes out of the tree any place there is a break in the skin/bark, Its kinda like blood :-) Look for large clumps where lower branches have came off. In a long term setting you can make cuts to trees around your AO and collect the sap that builds up. Always make the cut on the same side of the tree, that way you dont "Ring" the tree and kill it.
Edited to add:
the way to tell if you have the perfect mix of Sap/Fat/Char is to mix it up, paint some on a thing piece of birchbark, let set and bend birchbark. If the bark bends and the mix doesnot crack its the perfect mix for reparing boats.
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