[Warrior-Mentor]

Couple highlights on Checks and Balances:

U.S. Constitution

The U.S. Constitution, a product of both intellectual genius and divine inspiration, provided in its "mechanics of governance" that there be built in checks and balances. I count at least thirteen:

1. States and Territories against the Central Government (the separation of powers vertically)

2. The Senate against the House (Takes both houses to pass bills)

3. The President against the Congress (Veto power)

4. The Judiciary against the Congress (Power to declare laws unconstitutional in particular cases)

5. The Senate against the President (Appointments and treaties have to be ratified by the Senate)

6. The people against their representatives (The House is elected every 2 years)

7. The State Legislatures against the Senate (The election of Federal Senators by State legislators

8. The Electoral College against the People (Republic v. Democracy or the Aristocracy v. democracy)

9. The People against the Central Government (Through the trial by Jury and the right of the Jury to decide upon matters of law as well as fact (Jury nullification)

10. Both the House and the Senate against the President (Impeachment powers)

11. An Executive Check upon the Judicial Branch (Through the power of the President to pardon offenses except impeachment).

12. Congressional Check on Judicial Power (Through the power of Congress to limit the Federal Court's Appellate Jurisdiction).

13. State Check on Federal Power (By application of 2/3 of the State legislatures, Congress "shall call a convention for proposing amendments. With an amendment strictly limiting what a new Convention could do, the Convention route could be a good check on a Congress unresponsive to the popular will. Without such limits however, a new Convention could be dangerous).

Because we live in world of corruption, there is no doubt that, without the Constitution of the United States, America and the rest of the world would be under tyranny, barbarism and darkness.

From: http://www.geocities.com/graymada/CB/mechanics.html


Sharia Law

a1.4 The basic premise of this school of thought is that the good of the acts of those morally responsible is what the lawgiver (allah or his messenger) has indicated is good by permitting it or asking it to be done. And the bad is what the lawgiver has indicated is bad by asking it not be done.

The GOOD is NOT what REASON considers GOOD, nor the BAD what REASON considers BAD.

The measure of GOOD and BAD is the sacred law, NOT REASON.

See Reliance of the Traveller: A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law, Book A "Sacred Knowledge," Paragraph a1.4