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Old 05-16-2007, 15:59   #10
The Reaper
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The longest range tube artillery actually used in combat that I am aware of was the Paris Gun, AKA the "Kaiser Wilhelm Geschütz".

It was capable of hurling a 94 kilogram (210 lb) shell to a range of 130 kilometres (81 miles) and a maximum altitude of 40 kilometres (25 miles).

At the start of its 170-second trajectory, each shell from the Paris Gun reached a speed of 1,600 metres per second (5,200 ft/s) (almost five times the speed of sound). This is firing a 210 lb. projectile at the speed of a 120mm sabot round.

The gun itself, which weighed 256 tons and was mounted on rails, had a 28 metre (92 ft) long, 210 millimetre (8.3 in) caliber rifled barrel with a 6 metre (20 ft) long smoothbore extension.

The projectile reached so high it was the first man-made object to reach the altitude of the stratosphere, thus virtually eliminating drag from air resistance, allowing the shell to achieve a range of over 130 kilometres (80 miles). The shells were propelled at such high velocity that each successive shot wore away a considerable amount of steel from the rifle bore. Each shell was sequentially numbered according to its increasing diameter, and had to be fired in numeric order lest the projectile lodge in the bore and the gun explode. After 65 shells had been fired, each of progressively larger caliber to allow for wear, the barrel was rebored to a caliber of 240 millimeters (9.4 in).

The Paris gun was used to shell Paris at a range of 75 miles (120 km). The distance was so far that the Coriolis effect — the rotation of the earth — was substantial enough to affect trajectory calculations. The gun was fired at an azimuth of 232 degrees (west-southwest) from Crépy-en Laon, which was at a latitude of 49.5 degrees North. The gunners had to account for the fact that the projectiles landed 393 metres (1,290 ft) short and 1,343 metres (4,406 ft) to the right of where they would have hit if there were no Coriolis effect.

A total of 320–367 shells were fired, killing 250 people and wounding 620, as well as causing considerable damage to property. 20 shells were fired an hour on a good day.

I do not remember that much of my geometry and trig classes, but a deviation of 1343 m. deflection and 393 m. range at 120 km, would indicate a deflection difference of roughly 11.2 m. per km, and a range deviation of 3.3 m. per km. This is all based primarily on time of flight of the round, and the time to travel the extreme range allows for the deviation, not the distance. If you were firing a mortar with an average of two and a half minutes of flight time, the results might be similar. Given that the average precision round takes just over one and a half seconds to reach 1000 m., I am going to go out on a limb here and say that the Coriolis effects on the rifle round over 1/100th of the flight time would be measurable, but of negligible significance considering the other more serious factors like range estimation and varying crosswinds. At the same time, as noted, the direction of the shot relative to the rotation and and the position on the planet would be significant in the Coriolis effect. I do believe that some ballistic computers allow for it though, and with some of the kills coming at 2,000 m. or more, perhaps it is significant at those very extended ranges.

Dr. Bull was working on an improved version of this type gun for the Iraqis to put projos into space when he was suddenly killed with five rounds to the back of the head.

TR
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"It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, who comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does actually strive to do the deeds; who knows great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who neither know victory nor defeat." - President Theodore Roosevelt, 1910

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